The Physics of DNA

The π-stack of bases forms a proton corridor for near-lossless electron flow.

Phosphate rails and sugars host oscillations and electron-polymer ratchets.

Hydration shells and ions stabilise the system, damping noise while keeping conduction alive.

Base pairing works as an AND gate: either all locks engage or the corridor collapses instantly.

Replication, transcription, and repair follow directly from corridor mechanics, not chance.

From this perspective, DNA is part of a wider biological toolkit. Vesicles, proteins, membranes, and chromatin all exploit the same corridor physics. The inevitability of DNA arises because only this geometry can sustain long, stable, resettable corridors in water.