The Levite of Ephraim: A New Reader's Edition

The Collected Works of Jean Jacques Rousseau Book 24 · Märchenhaus Verlag
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Rousseau's "The Levite of Ephraim" retells a biblical story, beginning with a Levite taking a concubine, their brief idyllic life, and her later return to her father. After reconciling and departing, they seek hospitality in Gibeah, a city of Benjamin, where they are sheltered by an old man. yet, the men of the city assault the house, leading the Levite to betray his concubine, who is brutally raped and left for dead at the doorstep. In a horrific act of protest and demand for justice, the Levite dismembers her body and sends a piece to each of the tribes of Israel, inciting them to war against Benjamin. After initial defeats, Israel, guided by divine will, finally annihilates almost the entire tribe of Benjamin. To prevent the complete extinction of a tribe, the surviving Benjamites are provided wives through the violent acquisition of virgins from Jabesh Gilead and the abduction of dancing girls from Shiloh.

This grim story, deeply rooted in Rousseau's personal and philosophical anxieties, is a synthesis of his recurring themes. The story embodies his dialectic between the individual and a hostile social order, with the Levite portraying a perceived innocence unjustly victimized, yet paradoxically orchestrating aggressive retribution. The story's focus on the Levite and the Old Man of Lebona shows a "son father" relation, where the "son" (the Levite) seeks justice from a higher, symbolic social order. By depicting a pastoral idyll abruptly shattered by social barbarity, Rousseau connects this work to his "major" texts, giving attention to how an irremediable event forces a break from a past of self sufficiency. finally, "The Levite of Ephraim" functions not as a defiance of social order, but as a desperate plea for it to recognize and punish wrongs, with the victim's suffering serving to represent this demand for justice and the lasting memory of a lost felicity. This edition pairs a modern translation of The Levite of Ephraim with supporting material that situates Rousseau's work historically and intellectually. The translation of The Levite of Ephraim is accompanied by scholarly supporting material. Alongside The Levite of Ephraim, the volume provides an afterword tracing Rousseau's intellectual relationship with Diderot, Voltaire and his reception by Nietzsche, revealing the detailed dialogue between the period's most influential minds. Among the reference materials for The Levite of Ephraim, a timeline connects the major events of Rousseau's life with world events, a glossary of Enlightenment terminology frames Rousseau's debates in the intellectual milieu of his day, and a detailed index provides an guide to his complete writings.

Rousseau's "The Levite of Ephraim" retells a biblical story, beginning with a Levite taking a concubine, their brief idyllic life, and her later return to her father. After reconciling and departing, they seek hospitality in Gibeah, a city of Benjamin, where they are sheltered by an old man. yet,...

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About the author

Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712 to 1778) was a Genevan writer, philosopher, and composer. He wrote on political authority, inequality, education, language, music, religion, and autobiography; his books include Discourse on Inequality, The Social Contract, Emile, Julie, and the Confessions.
Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712 to 1778) was a Genevan writer, philosopher, and composer. He wrote on political authority, inequality, education, language, music, religion, and autobiography; his books include Discourse on Inequality, The Social Contract, Emile, Julie, and the Confessions.

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