Sanctions are a prominent instrument of contemporary foreign policy, however their effectiveness is inevitably undermined by circumvention tactics. In response, sanctioning actors expand designations, introduce secondary sanctions, or intensify enforcement mechanisms. This book examines how the European Union, the United Kingdom and the United States respond to sanctions evasion, and addresses a fundamental question: who’s next? By analysing the legality of anti-circumvention measures, it proposes new recommendations to ensure that the pursuit of effectiveness does not undermine the targeted nature of sanctions.
Sanctions are a prominent instrument of contemporary foreign policy, however their effectiveness is inevitably undermined by circumvention tactics. In response, sanctioning actors expand designations, introduce secondary sanctions, or intensify enforcement mechanisms. This book examines how the E...