The Tibetans: Two Perspectives on Tibetan-Chinese Relations: Issue 49, Part 1

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· Minority Rights Group
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This report provides information on the historical and current situation in Tibet, with the aim of contributing to public understanding of the problems. It consists of two parts. The author of part one compares the theoretical basis for relations between the Chinese Government and minority groups with actual practice in the largest autonomous region, Tibet. His account outlines life in Tibet before, during and after the 1950-1959 uprising, and describes the situation today regarding education, religion, language and administration. He points out that the professed desire of the government to preserve minority cultures has not worked in practice and that Tibet is the least successful example of relations between the government and a minority group. While health and welfare of minority groups may have improved, official policy has led to the suppression of Tibetan religion and culture with the aim of integrating the Tibetan people in Chinese culture. He contends that political oppression and human rights violations are continuing. The author of part 2 describes the history of Tibet and of the Dalai Lamas, and of the Chinese invasion and its aftermath, including the situation of Tibetans in exile. He concludes that racial discrimination is becoming increasingly part of the Tibetan problem and warns that the longer the delay in reaching a settlement, the more likely that any traces of Tibetan culture remaining will be destroyed.

Please note that the terminology in the fields of minority rights and indigenous peoples’ rights has changed over time. MRG strives to reflect these changes as well as respect the right to self-identification on the part of minorities and indigenous peoples. At the same time, after over 50 years’ work, we know that our archive is of considerable interest to activists and researchers. Therefore, we make available as much of our back catalogue as possible, while being aware that the language used may not reflect current thinking on these issues.


This report provides information on the historical and current situation in Tibet, with the aim of contributing to public understanding of the problems. It consists of two parts. The author of part one compares the theoretical basis for relations between the Chinese Government and minority groups...

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About the author

Chris Mullin is a British journalist who has specialized in Tibetan affairs, writing mainly in The Guardian. He has visited Tibetan exiles in India and Nepal and interviewed the Dalai Lama on three occasions. He visited Tibet in September I 980. He is now the editor of Tribune.

Phuntsog Wangyal was born and brought up in Tibet, and went into exile in India in 1959, where he continued his studies, gaining an M.Phil. in Political Science and International Relations, and later teaching at J awaharlal Nehru University, Delhi. He was Assistant Director of the Library ofTibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala, North India, in 1974, and taught Tibetan at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, in 1976. In 1980, he spent three months in Tibet as a member of the Dalai Lama's second fact-finding delegation. He is the Director of the Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama in London. 

Minority Rights Group (MRG) is the leading international human rights organization working to secure the rights of ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, and indigenous peoples, and to promote understanding between communities. We are guided by the needs expressed by our worldwide network of over 300 partner organizations in more than 60 countries. Together, we challenge power structures that exclude and silence those who are different. We understand how age, class, gender, sexuality and disability can have multiplying impacts on discrimination for minorities.

MRG is an international non-governmental organization with an international governing Council that meets twice a year. We have consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council and observer status with the African Commission for Human and Peoples’ Rights. MRG is also registered with the Organization of American States. MRG is registered as a charity and a company limited by guarantee under English law: registered charity no. 282305, limited company no. 1544957.

Chris Mullin is a British journalist who has specialized in Tibetan affairs, writing mainly in The Guardian. He has visited Tibetan exiles in India and Nepal and interviewed the Dalai Lama on three occasions. He visited Tibet in September I 980. He is now the editor of Tribune. Phuntsog Wangyal w...

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